Washington's Farewell Address 1796

Summary:

In 1796, George Washington, who had finished his second term as President, decided it was time to end his career as leader of America. People wanted him to try and run again so he could still be the President but he denied their desires, for he wanted to return to a simpler way of life, that of peace and prosperity. Washington gave some wise advice to the American citizens, before "resigning", in which he urged the abiding of the laws of the U.S. Constitution and simultaneously suggested that the country should remain isolated. He was hesitant in forming allies or enemies, so isolationism was the main appeal of foreign affair, or lack thereof. Additionally, Washington warned the citizens about political parties, and since he believed they would split the nation apart, he advised highly against creating them. At the end, to wrap his address up, he thanked the citizens for the opportunities in government they provided for him.

I used a picture of Woodrow Wilson because even though he resigned for medical reason regarding a stroke in 1919, he, like George Washington, decided it was best to not continue as president any longer.

The Proclamation of Neutrality 1793

Summary- There were several belligerent powers in which existed a state of war, to the point where the United States felt it their responsibility to act friendly towards them. The U.S. warned their citizens to cautiously avoid all acts that may interfere with this established act of conduct. They also threatened severe punishment and to remove individual protection from the government if a citizens were to compromise the neutrality.

I chose a picture of a cartoon regarding the neutrality of the United States in World War 1.

Federalist Papers No. 10

1.  Why are factions so difficult to eliminate? Factions are comprised of a group of citizens who have common interests and opinions. Each faction needs liberty to survive and thrive, but abolishing a citizen's right of liberty would be going against the Declaration of Independence. Therefore, if the main life support of a faction can't be stripped away or altered, it is difficult to eliminate.

2.  If factions cannot be removed then how can they be controlled? Since there are no ways to physically change interests or opinions of faction members, and lawfully there is no way to remove their liberty, something needs to be done to control them. Factions are started because a group of people, with the majority believing one way, want to go against previous governmental laws or actions they disagree with. If you try to influence a faction's ideals or change what it is in government they disapprove, maybe you can eliminate or lessen the desire to "rebel".

I used a picture of the American revolution as a relatable event because the revolutionists were essentially a faction united with the same desire for independence going against the Royal British Government.

 

Republican Motherhood

1.What role did the Revolutionary War play in the transformation of housewifery to Republican Motherhood? Due to the uprising of the Revolution women were perceived to have a new role in the new republic that came with independence.
2. What were the consequences of Republican Motherhood on women? It was a mother's duty to educate the sons and raise them to be republicans. In document D, it states that the destiny of our country is dependent on the mothers.

3. What is the significance of the ideology of Republican Motherhood as a stage in the process of women’s socialization?
The role of the mother was said to be very important to the success of the country. Because of this, women felt prideful and assertive of their newly discovered influence in society. In document C, it states that the reformation of the world is in the hands of the women and the power they have.

 

1. Describe the setting: There is a young female on a pinkish flower-designed sofa, with her two sons who appear to be wearing dresses.

1.      Who serves at the center of the portrait and why?  How does the woman look?  How is she “republican” rather than aristocratic? The woman is at the center and main focus of the picture. The woman looks like she is wearing less makeup, so more plain and not as elegant. She resembles more republican than aristocratic because the attire she is wearing is not as frilly, and her hair is clean.

3.

1.      What values do her sons exhibit? Her sons exhibit maturity in that they are dressed preppy at such a young age, and resemble the strong republican youth, being taught by a republican mother.

4. Is there a significance in the mother's arm? Yes, there is a significance, because it shows she has control of how the kids are going to grow up and how they act at the moment.

Rethinking the Revolution

1. 620,000 soldiers died in the American Civil war
2. The Revolutionary War was America's longest war, lasting a total of 8 years.
3. Long before 1826, every one of the original 13 Continental army generals appointed by congress in 1775 had died, and not long after there was no one from the revolutionary generation left alive.
4. Civil war soldiers had stronger cannons and rifles with more range than the muskets George Washington's Continental Army soldiers were equipped with.
5. Civilians suffered heavily from the War of independence, constantly dying of diseases spread from soldiers from both sides.
   

   

   
   

   
   

Declaration of Independence

1) All men are created as equals, each with a set of basic inherent rights to life, liberty, and to the pursuit of happiness. Additionally, in order to maintain the security of each individual's rights, it is in the power of the people to one, elect governing officials, and two, alter or abolish government had it become corrupt or put the rights of the people in jeopardy.

2) The King has refused to approve laws intended for the public good, he has made judges depend on his own personal will to achieve tenure in their offices, and for the benefit of their own salaries, he kept up standing armies during times of peace without the consent of legislature, he cut off trade with all parts of the world, he imposed taxes on the people with out their consent, and in many cases, he deprived the people of the benefits of trial by jury.

3) For the longest time, the colonies in America were under the control of mercantilist Britain, but were free to do as they wanted during the period of salutary neglect. Salutary neglect was a period of time where Britain paid no attention to the successes of the colonies, and controlled virtually nothing they did. After the French and Indian war, the British started intervening; taxing unfairly, controlling the exports and imports, and receiving huge economic benefits from the success of the colonies. In response, the colonies wanted their freedoms back, so they created the Declaration of Independence. This document's primary purpose was to break away from the mother country, Britain, and gain a democratic style of government, where everyone has their own unalienable rights. At the very bottom of the document lies a collection of signatures and marks the ultimate creation of the United States of America.

Peter Zenger

1. Who was John Peter Zenger? John Peter Zenger, a German immigrant, was the one responsible for printing a publication called The New York Weekly Journal. This journal exposed the actions of William S. Cosby, who was a corrupt royal governor. In the article, the government was accused of allowing the French enemy to explore the New York harbor and of rigging political elections. Additionally, the governor was accused of a variety of crimes and essentially describing him as an idiot. Even though John Peter Zenger was only guilty of printing the articles, he was still dragged into jail. Although he was presented the opportunity to name the authors of the journal, he didn't end up doing it. The authors remained anonymous.    

2. What was the controversy over his charges? Talk about Hamilton's defense. Andrew Hamilton, the most popular lawyer in the colonies, admitted that John Zenger did in fact print the charges, and he sternly requested for the prosecution to prove them wrong. Hamilton begged for his new client's release after a sudden appeal to the jury. Andrew claimed, "It is not the cause of one poor printer, but the cause of liberty." The judge of the court in turn looked to the jury and demanded they convict Zenger of libel, or publishing information that opposes the government, if they truly believed he printed the stories. Less than ten minutes later, the jury filled with Zenger's peers overruled the conviction, with the final judgement declaring innocence.  


3. What influence did his case have on American governmental tradition? This case influenced governmental traditions in it's laws around the make up of a jury in court. In the Zenger trial, the prosecution's jury was replaced by peers of Zenger himself, giving him a biased system of back up so he could be ruled innocent. Nowadays, the potential jury members go through testing to detect any bias they might have towards the case. This way there is a fair trial held, with a very small possibility for any corruption to occur.     


4. What is the lasting significance of his trial? Explain. The lasting significance of his trial was the later implication of the First Amendment. The first amendment allowed true freedom of press, and permitted newspapers the ability to openly express their views.

Mayflower Compact and Fundamental Orders

1) What concepts are included in the Mayflower Compact? The Mayflower Compact was created by the loyal English subjects of Lord King James that embarked on a voyage to the New World. The primary goal in mind was to establish the very first colony in the northern parts of Virginia. The settlers believed they had undertaken the quest for the glory of God, the advancement of the Christian Faith, and the honor of their Sovereign Lord King James and their country.

2) How does the Mayflower Compact reflect and attachment to both the "Old" and "New" worlds? The Mayflower Compact reflects an attachment to both the "Old" and "New" worlds because the colonists promised all due submission and obedience to their country and ruler in the "Old" world while at the same time creating a constitution, or framework with just and equal laws for the good of the colony in the "New" world.

3) How did the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut differ from the Mayflower Compact? The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut differed from the Mayflower Compact, in that it was longer and went more in depth about the laws being created, and the framework of the colony. It specifically stated that there could be one governor at a time and could only rule for a year, along with other laws regarding their rules.

4) What prompted the colonists of Connecticut to take this approach to government, i.e.: use of a written Constitution? What prompted the colonists of Connecticut to take this approach to government, in creating a written constitution, was so that the laws could be officially established  and enforced to instill a sense of order. This allowed for one governor to rule for a term of one year only, and six other elected magistrates sworn in by a fidelity oath for law enforcement.

5) In what significant way(s) does the Fundamental Orders reflect a fear of and safeguard against the usurping of power by one person or a chosen few? A reflection of fear of and safeguard in the Fundamental Orders against the usurping power by one person or a chosen few is evident in order number 4. This holds true because in order number 4, it is decreed that no person was to be governor more than once in two years, and that each governor always had to be a member of some approved congregation formerly, or before assuming power. This demonstrates the fear of one person gaining too much power, since the laws limiting the length and extent of the governor's rule were "set in stone."

hello. it's me